Background/Objectives: Acne is the most prevalent dermatological condition among
humans, affecting approximately 80% of adolescents during puberty. To date, numerous compounds
have been used for acne treatment, including erythromycin ointments and antiseptics, with varying
degrees of success. The emergence of erythromycin-resistant C. acnes strains has spurred the search for
new antimicrobial agents, particularly from natural sources. Methods: Propolis collected in Rwanda
was extracted and fractionated by flash chromatography and tested against C. acnes growth by using
NCLSI recommendations. Results: In our research, we identified a molecule, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol
(2,4-DTBP) which inhivbited the C. acnes growth at a concentration of 16 μg/mL. Based on these
results, we formulated an ointment (1%) using OFAP18 and petroleum jelly for the potential treatment
of acne using a mouse model. Conclusions: In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that 2,4-DTBP
has anti-inflammatory properties and could effectively manage the overgrowth of C. acnes as well as
serve as a potent alternative for the formulation of an active propolis ointment for acne treatment.
